Ionizable lipid design & synthesis New lipid chemistries that control potency, biodegradability, and endosomal escape LNP delivery of mRNA & gene editors Nanoparticle platforms for protein replacement, CRISPR-based editing, and cell engineering Ionic liquid–nanoparticle hybrid materials Mucoadhesive delivery systems for oral disease and barrier tissues Targeted delivery via bioconjugation Click chemistry approaches for directing nanoparticles to specific cells and tissues